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解析高压断路器起火爆炸的原因
Date:2019-05-15 | Views:2803
   断路容量不满足要求。由于设计不周,断路器的断流容量太小;由于电网的发展,系统断路容量的增大,原有断路器的断流容量不能满足要求;断路器制造质量低劣,不能满足产品名牌参数要求。由于上述原因,当发生短路时,断路器不能切断短路电流,引起断路器爆炸起火。
 
断路容量不满足要求。由于设计不周,断路器的断流容量太小;由于电网的发展,系统断路容量的增大,原有断路器的断流容量不能满足要求;断路器制造质量低劣,不能满足产品名牌参数要求。由于上述原因,当发生短路时,断路器不能切断短路电流,引起断路器爆炸起火。
 
检修质量不满足要求。如检修中随意改变分、合闸速度,随意改变断路器的燃弧距离(灭弧室至静触头间的距离),均会使断路器的断流容量降低。
 
运行操作及维护不当。如断路器多次切断短路电流后,按规定未及时安排检修;断路器自动跳闸后,运行人员不准确的多次强送电,使断路器多次受短路电流冲击。这些均使断路器断流能力降低,并由此造成断路器爆炸起火。
 
运行油位过高。油断路器运行油位过高,使断路器油面以上的缓冲空间减少,当油路器开断短路电流时,由于缓冲空间减少,切断电弧产生的高压油气混合体可能冲出缓冲空间,形成断路器喷油,甚至引起火灾;另外,由于缓冲空间的减少,高压油气混合气体排入缓冲空间后,使缓冲空间的压力增高,如果此压力超过缓冲空间容器的极限强度,断路器可能发生爆炸。
 
运行油位过低。油断路器运行油位过低,影响其灭弧性能。当切断电弧时,由于油位过低,冷却电弧的油道路径变短,对电弧的冷却效果差,致使断弧时间延长或电弧难于熄灭。其结果可能使弧光冲出油面进入缓冲空间,油被电弧分解出的可燃气体也进入缓冲空间与空气混合,混合气体在电弧作用下可能引起燃烧爆炸;如果油位过低,则断路器的触头可能未浸泡在油中,触头断开时未能熄灭电弧,这也会产生燃烧和爆炸。
 
绝缘油不纯。油断路器的油大量游离碳化,大量老化,油内进潮、进水。由于油质不纯,使断路器内部发生闪络并导致爆炸。

液压或气压太低。采用液压操作机构的油断路器、气体灭弧(空气、SF6) 断路器,由于操作机构的液压太低,断路器分、合闸时,会造成慢分、慢合,慢分、慢合会使触头间产生的电弧不易熄灭而引起断路器爆炸;当空气断路器、SF6断路器的气体灭弧介质压力太低时,断路器的灭弧能力降低,甚至不能熄灭电弧,从而引起断路器爆炸。所以,采用液压操作机构的油断路器、气体灭弧断路器都装有液压和气体压力闭锁装置,当液压、气压过度降低时,都会将断路器闭锁在原来的位置上。

 
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