雾霾对健康有哪些危害?
雾霾所包含的主要污染物是PM2.5，对健康的危害包括急性和慢性两种。
急性危害
主要表现为短时间内吸入污染物引起的咳嗽、咽喉痛、眼部刺激等症状。此外，雾霾还可能诱发支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、心脑血管疾病等慢性疾病的急性发作。
慢性危害
主要包括对呼吸系统和心血管系统的影响。据世界卫生组织研究，长期持续的重污染天气会增加哮喘、支气管炎、肺癌等呼吸系统疾病，以及高血压、冠心病、脑卒中等心血管疾病的发病和死亡风险。
7种方法教你正确应对雾霾天气
01
阴霾天尽量避免出门
要减少去人多的地方，空气流通差更易造成呼吸系统疾病交叉感染，尤其是抵抗力相对比较弱的老年人和患有呼吸道疾病的人群，户外活动时应佩戴合格的口罩。
符合标准的口罩防护性能良好，能够有效滤除或阻隔PM2.5，大幅降低有害物质的吸入。外出时，建议优先选用标有GB/T 32610-2016标准的口罩。
正确佩戴口罩要注意
1.确保口罩与面部具有良好贴合性，不漏气。
2.建议老年人、儿童等特殊人群在专业人士或家人(长)的指导下选择舒适性比较好的口罩。
3.佩戴过的口罩如需再次使用，要晾干，放入干净的袋内收藏。
4.应严格按照使用说明佩戴和更换口罩。
02
科学晨练
雾霾天气时，早晨、傍晚和晚上空气污染较严重，其中晚上7点和早晨7点左右为污染高峰时间。若选择此时锻炼，呼吸道容易受到刺激，还容易诱发呼吸道和心脑血管疾病。
锻炼时间可选择上午10点左右和下午3～4点，此时空气最为新鲜，可以适当锻炼。
03
适当通风换气
雾霾天也不宜一直密闭门窗，若不通风换气，污浊的室内空气同样会危害健康。
开窗通风应尽量避开早晚雾霾高峰时段，可以选择中午阳光较充足、污染物较少的时候短时间开窗换气。通风时将窗户打开一条缝，不让风直接吹进来，通风时间每次以半小时至一小时为宜。
04
做好个人防护
出门后进入室内要注意洗脸，漱口，换掉外出时穿的衣服去掉污染的残留。
05
合理安排饮食
多喝水，促进身体的新陈代谢，多食用富含维生素A、β-胡萝卜素的食物以及莲子、百合、排骨汤、银耳羹、鸭肉粥等具有养肺功能的食物。雪梨炖百合能够达到润肺抗病毒的效果。由于存在个体差异，大家注意根据自己体质有针对性地选择润肺饮食效果将更好。
06
适当种植绿色植物
绿萝、鱼尾葵、万年青、富贵竹等叶片面积比较大的绿色植物，可以吸收有害气体和吸附PM2.5。
07
利用设备除尘
可以用空气净化器过滤PM2.5，也可以用超声雾化器、室内水帘、水池、鱼缸等吸收空气中亲水性的PM2.5。
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