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建设特高压直流输电线路需研究哪些关键技术?
Date:2019-01-21 | Views:2061

  直流架空线路与交流架空线路相比,在机械结构的设计和计算方面,并没有显著差别。但在电气方面,则具有许多不同的特点,需要进行专门研究。对于特高压直流输电线路的建设,尤其需要重视以下三个方面的研究:

  1. 电晕效应

  直流输电线路在正常运行情况下允许导线发生一定程度的电晕放电,由此将会产生电晕损失、电场效应、无线电干扰和可听噪声等,导致直流输电的运行损耗和环境影响。特高压工程由于电压高,如果设计不当,其电晕效应可能会比超高压工程的更大。通过对特高压直流电晕特性的研究,合理选择导线型式和绝缘子串、金具组装型式,降低电晕效应,减少运行损耗和对环境的影响。

  2. 绝缘配合

  直流输电工程的绝缘配合对工程的投资和运行水平有极大影响。由于直流输电的“静电吸尘效应”,绝缘子的积污和污闪特性与交流的有很大不同,由此引起的污秽放电比交流的更为严重,合理选择直流线路的绝缘配合对于提高运行水平非常重要。由于特高压直流输电在世界上尚属首例,国内外现有的试验数据和研究成果十分有限,因此有必要对特高压直流输电的绝缘配合问题进行深入的研究。

  3. 电磁环境影响

  采用特高压直流输电,对于实现更大范围的资源优化配置,提高输电走廊的利用率和保护环境,无疑具有十分重要的意义。但与超高压工程相比,特高压直流输电工程具有电压高、导线大、铁塔高、单回线路走廊宽等特点,其电磁环境与±500千伏直流线路的有一定差别,由此带来的环境影响必然受到社会各界的关注。同时,特高压直流工程的电磁环境与导线型式、架线高度等密切相关。因此,认真研究特高压直流输电的电磁环境影响,对于工程建设满足环境保护要求和降低造价至关重要。

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