家用电器在日常使用过程中，会发生电源线起火，或电座开关起火的情况，会引起火灾，下面胜华电气小编来简单分下下电线起火的原因有哪些?以及预防措施。
一、电线起火有以下几个方面的原因：
(一)线路短路。所谓短路就是交流电路的两根导线互相触碰，电流不经过线路中的用电设备，而直接形成回路。由于电线本身的电阻比较小，若仅是通过电线这个回路，电流就会急剧增大，比正常情况下大几十倍、几百倍。这么大的电流通过这么细的导线，由于电阻越大，所产生的热量就越多，会在极短的时间内使导线产生高达数千摄氏度的温度，足以引燃附近的易燃物，造成火灾。而造成线路短路是由于输电线路使用过久，绝缘层老化、破裂，失去绝缘作用，导致两线相碰;或者是由于乱拉乱接电线，使电线的"外套"机械损伤，引起短l路。
(二)接触不良。由于电线接头不良，造成线路接触电阻过大而发热起火。凡电路都有接头，或是电线之间相接，或是电线与开关、保险器或用电器具相接。如果这些接头接得不好，就会阻碍电充在导线中的流动，而且产生大量的热。当这些热足以熔化电线的绝缘层时，绝缘层便会起火，而引燃附近的可燃物。
(三)线路超负荷。一定材料和一定大小横截面积的电线有一定的安全载流量。如果通过电线的电流超过它的安全载流量，电线就会发热。超过的越多，发热量越大。当热量使电线温度超过250℃时，电线橡胶或塑料绝缘层就会着火燃烧。如果电线"外套"损坏，还会造成短路，火灾的危险性更大。另外，如果选用了不合规格的保险丝，电路的超负载不能及时发现，隐患就会变成现实。
(四)线路漏电。即由于电线绝缘或其支架材料的绝缘性能不佳，以致导线与导线或导线与大地之间有微量电流通过。人们常说的走电、跑电就是漏电的一种严重现象。漏电严重时，漏电火花和高温也能成为火灾的火源。
(五)电火花和电弧。电火花是两极间放电的结果;电弧则是由大量密集的电火花构成，温度可达3000℃以上。架空裸线遇风吹摆动，或遇树枝拍打，或遇车辆挂刮时，使两线相碰，就会发生放电而产生电火花、电弧。另外，绝缘导线漏电处、导线断裂处、短路点、接地点及导线连接松动均会有电火花、电弧产生。这些电火花、电弧如果落在可燃、易燃物上，就可能引起火灾。
(六)电缆起火。电缆之所以会燃烧，是因为敷设电缆时其保护铅皮受损伤;或是在运行中电缆的绝缘体受到机械破坏，引起电缆芯与电缆芯之间或电缆芯与铅皮之间的绝缘体被击穿而产生电弧，致使电缆的绝缘材料黄麻保护层发生燃烧;或因电缆长时间超负荷使电缆绝缘性能降低甚至丧失绝缘性能，发生绝缘击穿而使电缆燃烧;或是因为三相电力系统中将三芯电缆当成单芯电缆使用，以致产生涡流，使铅皮、铝皮发热，甚至熔化，引起电缆燃烧。
二、如何处理电线起火?
1、发现家电冒烟或者闻到不明的橡胶焦糊味时，请立刻切断总电源。并及时拨打物业电话，请专业的电工进行线路检修。
2、如果此时已经发生火灾，但是火势刚起。则第一反应依然是切断总电源，并使用干粉灭火器，或者土等进行灭火。千万不能用水，水克火，但是水导电，所以千万不能用水。
3、如果火势较大，有失控的趋势。但是可以逃离，请大声呼救以警示他人，并迅速逃离火灾现场。待安全地带后请冷静报警(119)，说清着火的具体地址，并安排他人或者自己去附近的路口接应消防车。
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