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河南博泰电力知识库:电力人必知的13条电工小常识
Date:2019-01-16 | Views:1982

  一、什么是自投自复功能?

  当主电源正常有电时,主电源自动投入,备用电源备用,当主电源失电时,控制装置使主电源断路器断开,备用电源断路器闭合,备用电源供电;当主电源恢复供电时,控制装置使备用电源断路器断开,主电源断路器闭合,恢复主电源断路器供电。

  二、什么是互为备用功能?

  当主电源正常有电时,主电源自动投入,备用电源备用,当主电源故障或失电时备用电源投入,如果主电源恢复正常时,不再自动切换到主电源供电。只有当人为切换或备用电源故障或失电时才能切换到主电源供电。

  三、什么是自投不自复功能?

  当主电源正常有电时,主电源自动投入,备用电源备用,当主电源故障或失电时备用电源投入,如果主电源恢复正常时,不再自动切换到主电源供电。只有当人为切换或备用电源故障或失电时才能切换到主电源供电。

  四、什么是过负荷?

  指实际使用负荷超过额定负荷,大多是由于用电设备增多,超过供电企业批准的使用容量或者超过电气线路设计使用容量,会造成烧毁计量装置和电气设备。

  五、什么是过负荷保护?

  当电路电流超过额定值时,根据超出的幅度设定不同的动作时限,又能躲开电动机启动之类的短时过负荷。

  六、什么是短路?

  在正常供电的电路中,电流是流经导线和用电负荷,再回到电源上成一个闭合回路的。但是如果在电流通过的电路中,中间的一部分有两根导线碰在一起时,或者是被其他电阻很小的物体短接的话,就称为短路。

  七、什么是短路保护?

  指在电气线路发生短路故障后能保证迅速、可靠地将电源切断,以避免电气设备受到短路电流的冲击而造成损害的保护。

  八、什么是断相?

  指计量回路中的一相或多相断开的现象,但不是所有的相,都失去电压。

  九、什么是断相保护?

  依靠多相电路的一相导线中电流的消失而断开被保护设备或依靠多相系统的一相或几相失压来防止将电源施加到被保护设备上的一种保护方式。

  十、什么是断路?

  当电路没有闭合开关,或者导线没有连接好,或用电器烧坏或没安装好(如把电压表串联在电路中)时,即整个电路在某处断开。

  十一、欠压与过压的定义

  对所有的电器设备而言,都有一个额定电压,但在实际中,不能完全保证在额定电压下工作,是在额定电压附近的一个范围,一般要求在±15%。如果低于-15%这个电压,就是“欠压”。如果高于+15%这个电压,就是“过压”。

  十二、欠压保护与过压保护的区别

  欠压保护:指当线路电压下降到某一数值时,电动机能自动脱离电源停转。避免电动机在欠压下运行的一种保护。

  过压保护:指被保护线路电压超过预定的最大值时,使电源断开或使受控设备电压降低的一种保护方式。

  十三、失压与失压保护

  失压:当电源停电或者由于某种原因电源电压降低过多时,称为“失压”。

  失压保护:当电路低于额定电压或停电情况下得到相应的保护作用,如失压后需要重新启动电路才可以再次运行,避免发生安全事故。

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