电,在我们的生活中,是看不见摸不着的,在家庭中,安全用电成为了最大隐患,很多人用电都不规范,这样很容易导致触电,严重的将会付出惨痛的代价。
无论你是不是电工,对用电是不是很了解,请花3分钟时间普及一下电气知识,安全规范的用电,是对自己跟家人的负责。

一、了解触电
1、什么是触电
触电就是指电流通过人体,轻者会感到酥麻或疼痛,严重的会产生灼伤、抽搐、休克甚至致命的情况。
2、触电的形式
怎样才会触电呢?触电又分为直接触电、间接触电(高压)和其它形式触电(雷击等)三种情况。其中, 在我们日常生活中,最常见的是直接触电。
二、安全用电小知识
1、照明开关必须接在火线上
如果将照明开关装设在零线上,虽然断开时电灯也不亮,但灯头的相线仍然是接通的,而人们以为灯不亮,就会错误地认为是处于断电状态,而实际上灯具上各点的对地电压仍是220伏的危险电压。如果灯灭时人们触及这些实际上带电的部位,就会造成触电事故,所以各种照明开关或单相小容量用电设备的开关,只有串接在火线上,才能确保安全。
2、单相三孔插座正确安装
通常,单相用电设备,特别是移动式用电设备,都应使用三芯插头和与之配套的三孔插座。三孔插座上有专用的保护接地插孔,因此,接线时专用接地插孔应与专用的保护接地线相连,采用接零保护时,接零线应从电源端专门引来,而不应就近利用引入插座的零线。
3、塑料绝缘导线严禁直接埋在墙内
塑料绝缘导线长时间使用后,塑料会老化龟裂,绝缘水平大大降低,当线路短时过载或短路时,更易加速绝缘的损坏,一旦墙体受潮,就会引起大面积漏电,危及人身安全,塑料绝缘导线直接暗埋,不利于线路检修和保养。
三、如何避免触电
1、不接触导体
这是最直接、最安全的一种预防触电的形式,只触碰电路中的绝缘体,绝对不接触导体,自然也就不会触电了。
2、断电维修
所有的触电形式,都建立在电路中有电的前提下,但不论怎样用绝缘工具,都不如断电维修来的彻底。比如维修电灯时,许多人只断开电灯开关,可实际上,只有把配电箱内的断路器断开,才算断电。
3、安装保护设备
家庭常见的保护设备是漏电保护器,家庭电压较低,一般为220V,多数触电情况不会瞬间致命,这就给了漏电保护器动作的时间,插座回路必须安装漏电保护器。
4、右手触电
大到维修电路,小到插拔插头,凡是有触电可能性的事,都应该使用右手,因为发生单相触电时,左手触电后,左手与双脚形成回路,电流会直接穿过心脏,造成致命伤害。
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